(From Science Daily) The confidence you feel when making a choice might depend on whether you’re thinking concretely or abstractly, according to a new study in the Journal of Consumer Research. “In three experiments across a sample of 750 participants, we found that subjective feelings of ease experienced during judgments (choosing a digital camera, art, movie, or charity) can increase or decrease confidence in their choice and the amount of donation depending on whether consumers are thinking, respectively, concretely or abstractly,” write authors Claire I. Tsai (University of Toronto) and Ann L. McGill (University of Chicago).

The authors use the example of studying for an exam. The experience of difficulty can lead to a feeling of high confidence, if the difficulty is interpreted as effort put forth to ensure a good grade. This aligns with conventional wisdom such as “no pain, no gain.” On the other hand, the same experience can lead to feeling of low confidence if processing the material is interpreted as inability to process the study materials (“Since I had to work so hard, I am probably not very good at this subject.”)

Read more here: No Pain, No Gain? Concrete Thinking Increases Consumer Confidence